What are the 4 C’s that companies look for? A business’s creditworthiness is ultimately determined by what are known as the “4 C’s of Credit” -- character, capacity, capital and conditions -- most of which can be found explicitly or implicitly in a company’s credit report.
Character includes factors such as: size, location, number of years in business, business structure, number of employees, history of principals, appetite for sharing information about itself, media coverage, liens, judgments or pending law suits, stock performance, and comments from references.
Capacity assesses the ability of the business to pay its bills, i.e., its cash flow. It also includes the structure of the company’s debt—whether secured or unsecured—and the existence of an unused lines of credit. Any defaults must also be identified.
Capital assesses whether a company has the financial resources (obtained from financial records) to repay their creditors. In general, this portion of the credit report is the one most closely reviewed by the credit analyst. Heavy weighting is given to such balance sheet items as working capital, net worth and cash flow.
Conditions consider the external factors surrounding the business under consideration - influences such as market fluctuations, industry growth rate, political/ legislative factors, and currency rates.
A credit manager or loan officer will answer these questions by locating and reviewing:
- requests for credit information
- customer supplied information
- bank information
- trade information
These factors are also taken into consideration by other service providers, such as insurance companies to set premiums. More than ever, companies are using automated decisioning, which means they input scores and ratings that summarize the 4 C's into a financial model to determine the risk of doing business with you.
